Studio Lighting
This tutorial explains some techniques for studio lighting.
The majority of studio lighting uses three point lighting, this is where an object if lit up by sources of light from 3 different points. To be able to use this technique, you need three light sources. You also should use a boom for the background light and stands for all of the lights.
To get a 1:1 ratio of lighting, you need both the fill light and the key light must be at a similar level. 1:1 ratio is often used to take photos for families, engagements, large groups and for identification purposes.
2:1 ratio lighting happens when the key light is one stop higher than the stop light. An example of this is if the key light is measured at F11 whilst the fill light is on F8. Press portraits, general portraiture and full length fashions are the common photo types used in 2:1 lighting.
3:1 ratio lighting is where the fill light is two stops dimmer as supposed to one. This could be where the key light is set at F11 then the fill light to F5.6. This is often used for portrait scenarios.
4:1 lighting is three stops dimmer so this would be displayed if they key light is on F11 and the fill light set to F4. This lighting is very harsh with the shadow being intense. This lighting is often used on men.
5:1 ratio is where your key light is on F11 and the fill light is set at F2.8. This lighting is extremely harsh and the level of detail is very poor whilst using this.
The background light casts between the background and the subject which creates a spacial difference by creating a sharp outline around the subject. This is often a snooted light/spotlight, to create definition between the subject and background the light should be cast on the back of the hair on top of the crown.
Outdoor Lighting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_10qnAqkK20
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGoCc6F2XJ0
In the daylight, the sun causes the photos to have very harsh shadows however, when they move into the shadow the harshness is reduced which increases the overall quality of the picture. This also means that the midday sun is contrasted a lot more.
Whilst the subject is standing in the shade the photographer can use a reflector to increase the concentration onto the subjects face. As the photos in the shadows are less harsh these would be better than if they were just in the shade alone.
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